Knowledge and skills for nursing part 2 assessment Essay

Information and aptitudes for nursing section 2 appraisal - Essay Example In view of the individual verification tolerant had endured extreme discouragement since her significant other passed on and live alone. The patient got alcoholic and her wellbeing crumbled as a result of unhealthiness. The patient looks underweight yet can make due by giving appropriate medicine and patient consideration. The nursing procedure can best be depicted as a system for arranging individualized consideration for tolerant with scholarly incapacities. Since the consideration for understanding is a procedure it doesn't finish up into anything other than rather it changes continually and it is the medical attendants' obligation to react to these changing needs at whatever point essential. The nursing procedure as a rule contains four or five phases relying upon the assets accessible and work setting, and incorporates: conclusion, appraisal, arranging, actualizing and assessment. The nursing procedure ought to be attempted utilizing a community and participative methodology with different experts, assembling and actualizing assets, so as to improve the consideration procedure (Department of Health 2000b; Department of Health 2001). The focal point of this investigation will be on the structure care plan for our patient on study. The patient was acquired the medical clinic on account of loose bowels and retching. ... It incorporates regions, for example, wellbeing and wellbeing needs, every day living abilities, action programs, portability, emotional well-being, dangers to the customer, account, relief, get-togethers/trips, bolster prerequisites, profound necessities and, perhaps, settlement issues (Department of Health, 2000b;Sox, 2004a). Our patient on study has been analyzed to have serious looseness of the bowels, however upon appraisal the clinical group taking care of the patient discovered further purpose behind having such condition. The patient dependent on its clinical foundation is having wretchedness because of the lost of a spouse. This has made the patient to disregard herself and become alcoholic. Because of a more profound evaluation the patient is likewise experiencing lack of healthy sustenance. The consideration plan will concentrate on this state of the patient. The picked model should cover the whole action of the patient. Arranging In arranging, the attendant assumes a significant job in the recuperation and remain of the patient in the emergency clinic. The patient upon affirmation was given consideration on the principle whine which is looseness of the bowels and spewing. Anyway further conclusion and evaluation of the clinical group found that the patient is experiencing lack of healthy sustenance. Our arrangement center around lack of healthy sustenance; the reasons why the patient is having this sort of condition, and the treatment and the convention that the medical attendants ought to follow for the government assistance of the patient. Execution Execution of a consideration plan is the most testing piece of the nursing procedure. Quiet who is experiencing wretchedness will prompt scholarly incapacities and a suitable consideration plan ought to be executed. On account of our patient, she endures sorrow after her significant other bites the dust wherein she relies upon a ton. This make her

Salamone Cartoon Analaysis

That is the reason there is an issue with Brian San F's comic including, â€Å"John the Baptist's beheading,† (Freedman). An Atheist or some other religion other than Christianity would do not understand what this drawing was. In the wake of getting foundation regarding the matter, one would without a doubt find that the animation is a jab at Christian religion. The circumstance delineates Salome, one of Jesus' devotees who made a trip with him to Jerusalem and saw his passing and occasions that followed after.Salome's mom, Herodias, orders John the Baptist's head as garnishment, (Freedman). This is the place the quip in Brian San F's comic becomes possibly the most important factor. Herodias implied, â€Å"garnishment,† in the feeling of taking care of an owed obligation, (Gifls). Salome made a stride further and took, â€Å"garnishment,† as in the meaning of food enrichment, (Merriam-Webster). Salome arranges the, â€Å"†¦ head on a platter†¦ † for Herodias, (Freedman). This animation shows the outcome and disarray of Herodias while her garnishment is ultimately†¦ arnished. This draws out the cleverness of Brian San F's statement from Herodias at the base of his sketch, mfou dare decorate my wages? † This is consistent with be an imbroglio for the cook that holds out cut off skull on a plate, while he needs to clarify that he was requested to by Salome. In spite of the fact that this animation required over the top foundation data to comprehend it very well may be focused towards book of scriptures study classes and other Christian relations.After a bit of inquiring about this animation can be comprehended and completely refreshing as a clever take n the result of Salome's solicitation. In spite of the fact that this circumstance contributes numerous dim parts of a beheading, this animation works superbly of finding the silliness in it. Catalog Gifls, Steven H. Law Dictionary. second ed. Woodsbury, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 1975. Print. Freedman, David Noel. The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Print. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. tenth ed. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest, 1993. Print.

The Powerful Roll of Advertising Essays - Advertising, Marketing

The Powerful Roll of Advertising Society is overcome with a mind-boggling measure of notices step by step. The ground-breaking roll that promotions have in the public eye has inundated the contemplations of customers paying little heed to where they go to. Promotions on announcements, magazines, TV and internet based life have affected their thoughts and activities in manners they dont figure it out. Charles A. ONeill, an expert promoter expressed in The Language of Advertising (p53) At heart, publicizing is just the conveyance framework for persuasiveness, something woven into the texture of our general public. There is nothing a customer can do to escape deals messages. The customer turns into the succumbing to oppressive publicizing ploys that sway their psyches. Promoters have an astounding capacity to investigate imaginative courses so as to target and control the brains, particularly of the more youthful crowd. Promotions propose perilous dangers to the youthful watchers with an incredible language causing extraordinary damage on their personality. As indicated by organizations, they don't propose hazardous dangers and that ad is a crucial viewpoint to their business and society; it permits essential correspondence among organizations and their purchasers. Their intensions are not to impart hurt yet to advance their item, however yet these promoters study strategies to control and degenerate explicit crowds utilizing a language like no other, the language of notice. As expressed by Charles A. ONeill, Every effective advertisement utilizes an innovative procedure dependent on a thought expected to draw in and hold the consideration of the buyer. This may incorporate a photograph of a pretty young lady, solid innovative execution or a direct rundown of item includes, or as weve seen, even psyche desensitizing redundancy.( p13) The motivation behind this language is to shield the watcher from speculation and to settle on purchasing decisions dependent on passionate reaction. It advances purchasing decisions as well as leads youthf ul watchers to deceiving ads. Subsequently from untruthful notices, the language of promotion controls the youthful watchers mind and can risk what excellence truly is. Youthful watchers can get fixated by the manner in which they look, particularly through boards and excellence magazines where a thin lady with delightful skin for a face cream advertisement is shown on the title page, skin that has been rectified with an altering program. The youthful watcher has almost no information on what the media can do to deceive the natural eye persuading that the item they are advancing is powerful by utilizing promising words. This is the place the deceptive words come into place; they are called weasel words. They are words used to distort, and delude shoppers. William Lutz, an English instructor at Rutgers University alarms us of the extraordinary intensity of these words, seems to state one thing when in reality they state the inverse or nothing at all.(pg 121) For instance, the word like is utilized when sponsors ne ed you to disregard the item yet need you to think the item they are guaranteeing is viable. As expressed by Lutz (p16)For skin like peaches and cream, guarantees the promotion for a skin cream. Since there is no action word in the case, it doesnt notice utilizing the item. How is skin ever like peaches and cream? The advertisement is making positively no guarantee or guarantee at all for this skin cream Young watchers accept that this cream will give them the delicate, smooth hot skin they want, urging them to purchase the item that won't give them the outcomes they anticipated. Youthful shoppers get disheartened of the bogus promotions and it adds to more serious issues. Another impact on promotions prompts a more concerning issue which is youth corpulence. Youth heftiness is a scourge, a genuine general medical issue. It expands dreariness, mortality, and has considerable long haul monetary and social expenses. As indicated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the commonness paces of weight in youngsters ages 12 to 19, have significantly increased (5.0% to 17.6%). Heftiness in youth places youngsters and youth in danger of getting corpulent as grown-ups and related unforeseen weakness, for example, diabetes, cardiovascular ailment, and a few types of malignant growth. As examined in a similar article, Research has discovered solid relationship between increments in promoting for non-nutritious nourishments and paces of youth heftiness. Youngsters

Tips to Prepare for the December SAT

Here’s What Students Need to Do to Prepare for the SAT This December The December SAT is a month away, and whether it’s your first time taking the SAT or you’re looking to improve your score, there’s a lot that you can do in the month leading up to the exam in order to reach your goal score. It’s important to have a solid test prep plan when preparing for the SAT or ACT, and these tips below will help you to prep and feel more confident on test day. Continue Taking Practice TestsHopefully at this point you’ve already taken a diagnostic of the SAT in order to get a better feel for the format and timing of the exam and to understand where you stand with your test prep. If not, you need to do so ASAP! Then, as you progress through your test prep plan, continue to take practice tests in order to gauge your improvements and see where you still need to do some work. When looking at the scores of your practice tests, focus on the details, not the overall score, in order to find the areas for greatest improvement. Instead of saying, â€Å"I need to bring up my math score,† take a look at the specific types of math questions that you answered incorrectly. Are you strong on fractions but struggle with circles? Do you need a refresher on exponent rules? Make the most of your preparation by targeting the areas that give you the most difficulty, rather than spending time on the parts of the exam that you’re already comfo rtable with. Set a Goal ScoreIt’s important to have an idea of what kind of score you’re actually aiming for. When setting goal scores, you’ll need to be realistic! With some focused preparation, students should see improvements to their scores, but if your desired score is far higher than your diagnostic score, you may need to adjust your goals accordingly. Research your top colleges for information on what kinds of scores admitted students typically received on the SAT to get an idea of what scores you should be trying to achieve. A counselor can help you to determine how your scores stack up against those of other admitted students at your top schools and what that means for your chances at admission. Make Time for Test PrepBetween final exams, extracurriculars, and holiday plans, November and December are a busy time of year for most students! It’s easy to put test prep on the back burner while you deal with other responsibilities. It’s important to identify areas in your schedule that you can dedicate exclusively to test prep. Always have some free time on Thursday and Saturday afternoons? Build structured study time into your calendar to ensure that you’re not neglecting your SAT prep. Tell your friends and family when your designated test prep time is, so they can hold you accountable! Ask for HelpIf you feel that you need tutoring to help boost your SAT score, don’t wait until the last minute to seek help. Find a tutor right away to ensure that you have time to work through the difficult topics and practice strategies for test day. Exam day shouldn’t be the first time that you’re trying out a new math strategy or experimenting with the order of the reading sections. A tutor can help you identify the questions you’ll find on the SAT and provide you with the tools you need to tackle them. Get Ready for Test DayMake sure that you have everything that you need for test day well in advance, including an approved calculator with fresh batteries. If you’re not sure if your calculator is approved, you can check here. Be wary of your internal clock as well. The SAT is administered early on Saturday morning, so practice waking up at the same time every day in the week before the exam! Don’t spend the days leading up to the test trying to cram - you don’t want to get burnt out. On the morning of the test, eat a good breakfast, do a couple of practice questions to get your brain warmed up, and leave yourself plenty of time to get to your testing center. Good luck to those taking the December SAT! Remember, don’t sit for the exam unless you’re absolutely prepared! If you need additional assistance preparing for the SAT, contact us today to learn more about our test prep services.

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1900 Words

Alexis Alcala Sebastein DeClerck English VO1A 17 May 2016 Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana, otherwise known as ganja, reefer, weed, skunk, pot, mary jane and other numerous names, has been claimed to be the most commonly used drug in the United States, according to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Since the 70’s, the opinion on marijuana is continuously being reformed. In result of 24 states legalizing some form of marijuana use, new medical studies on the hemp plant and the consequences from marijuana use, the United States is being forced to rethink its viewpoint on the matter. The elemental argument about marijuana in the United States: Should Marijuana continue to be prohibited to citizens based on its health effects, medicinal values, and costs to the country? Due to the growth of remarkably new evidence on marijuana and the fact that over a million Americans use it regularly or have tried it has caused the United States to rethink its justification for laws against marijuana in a scientific, social, and economic manner. The United States profoundly questions marijuana use for both its medicinal and recreational purposes. Despite the approval of marijuana in 24 states, federal law allows marijuana users to be placed into prison. Present reports show over 800,000 people a year are in trouble with the law in account to marijuana. The numbers only seem to be increasing. In addition, the United States invests 30 billion dollars a year into the drug war, aShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

Performance Of Mysql ( Non Cluster ) And Hadoop - 1243 Words

Overview: This section describes the purpose of this research, the rationales for undertaking it and the background knowledge that is relevant to this research. It provides the research background that describes the polemic in the Database Management Systems (DBMS); research question in regards of performance of MySQL (non cluster) and Hadoop; the research aim; the research objectives; and the research outline. 1.1. Background The weakness of the relational database unfolded by the rise of web-driven application (Lake and Crowther, 2013; Dede et al., 2013), whereas non-relational database gained their popularity (Li and Manoharan, 2013; Parker et al., 2013; Prasad and Gohil, 2014). However, since it was believed that a relational and a non-relational database had a different function, therefore Parker et al. (2013); Tudorica and Bucur (2011) stated that those databases were not comparable. Relational database appropriates for modest structured dataset, while non-relational database suitable for large unstructured dataset (Parker et al., 2013). In regards of choosing a database platform, it was recommended to choose a database platform that had an excellent performance (A MySQL AB, 2005; Lake and Crowther, 2013; Kulshrestha and Sachdeva, 2014). In the era of web-driven database application, it is necessary to have an excellent performance of database due to the necessity of processing a huge amount of data traffic (Butcher and Maslakowsky, 2003). Due to the important roleShow MoreRelatedResearch : Structured And Unstructured Dataset771 Words   |  4 Pageset al., 2013), whereas non-relational database gained their popularity (Li and Manoharan, 2013; Parkr et al., 2013; Prasad and Gohil, 2014). However, since relational and non-relational have different function depends on the form and the size of the dataset, therefore Parker et al. (2013); Tudorica and Bucur (2011) stated that those two types of database platform are not comparable. Relational database is suitable for structured dataset with modest size of data, while non-relational database is forRead MoreDescription And Analysis Of The Run Time Pattern1496 Words   |  6 Pagestimes execution, comparison of the overall run time using an arithmetic mean approach and error analysis. Run Time Pattern in Three Executions MySQL (non cluster) had a stable pattern within three executions, while Hadoop did not. According to my investigation, it caused by the following reason: I executed MySQL (non cluster) through SSH window, whereas Hadoop was executed through Ambari client browser. The connection through SSH did not use Internet public network, while client browser used it. InRead MoreReport Assignment1748 Words   |  7 Pagesbuddet1989@gmail.com †¢ Over all 4 years of IT experience in analysis, design and development using Hadoop, Java and J2EE. †¢ 3+ years experience in Big Data technologies and Hadoop ecosystem projects like Map Reduce, YARN, HDFS, Apache Cassandra, Spark, NoSQL, HBase, Oozie, Hive, Tableau, Sqoop, Pig, Storm, Kafka, HCatalog, Zoo Keeper and Flume †¢ Excellent understanding / knowledge of Hadoop architecture and various components such as HDFS, Job Tracker, Task Tracker, Name Node, Data Node and MapRead MoreInvestigation Into An Efficient Hybrid Model Of A With Mapreduce + Parallel Platform Data Warehouse Architecture Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesCarolina, USA E-mail: skotturi@uncc.edu Abstract—Parallel databases are the high performance databases in RDBMS world that can used for setting up data intensive enterprise data warehouse but they lack scalability whereas, MapReduce paradigm highly supports scalability, nevertheless cannot perform as good as parallel databases. Deriving an architectural hybrid model of best of both worlds that can support high performance and scalability at the same time. Keywords—Data Warehouse; Parallel databases;Read MoreEssay On Cloud Computing1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe field of Science and Engineering. It gives mathematical solution and imitates the complex algorithm.Running large simulations requires a huge amount of computing resources which is provided by Supercomputers, Cluster, and Grids. Scientific Computing mainly depends on High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Parallel Processing. Cloud Computing is evolved as a new source to acquire resource on demand with the provision of virtual infinite resources.It has become beneficial to use Cloud Computing inRead MoreApache Cassandr A Open Source Distributed Database Management System3233 Words   |  13 Pagesis used by some of the major organizations to handle their data sets, etc. In pursuit of finding reasons for some of such questions, the paper focuses on few most popular NoSQL databases like MongoDB, Redis, HBase, ElasticSearch and Neo4j. The performance and scalability being the key factors for Cassandra Database, this report move ahead of the well-known features of Cassandra and showcases on the details which are less known to most of the people about Cassandra starting with Cassandra data modelRead MoreCloud Database : A Shift Toward New Paradigm4763 Words   |  20 Pageshigh availability, optimized resource allocation and multitenancy. A cloud database can be a traditional database such as MySQL and SQL Server. These databases can be installed, configured and maintained on a Cloud server by the user himself. This option is popularly called the â€Å"Doit-Yourself† approach (DIY). Few providers offer readymade database services such as Xeround’s MySQL [4]. In â€Å"Do-it-Yourself† approach, the developers manually ensure reliabili ty and elasticity service. Selection of a DBaaSRead MoreBig Data Belongs In A Warehouse Not A Silo4480 Words   |  18 PagesTraditional data warehouse technologies were not designed for this volume, velocity and variety of data, which is collectively referred to as big data. Some people believe that the answer to challenges posed by big data lie in a relatively new group of non-relational data storage and management products known collectively as NoSQL. However, NoSQL system development is different from traditional data warehouse development in that it is application driven. This has led some pundits to postulate that NoSQLRead MoreA Brief Note On Internet And Cloud Technology1815 Words   |  8 PagesUsing concurrent processing data retrieval is fast and NoSQL process using concurrent processing. Introduction: Present day most of the clients are using the traditional databases like Oracle, DB2 etc and are experiencing problems in storage and performance. A large number of changes are required so that they can overcome all the drawback of the traditional database and researches are carrying out which is resulting in the database which differ from the normal database characteristics. Various numberRead MoreSurvey On Graph Databases : Graph Database3635 Words   |  15 PagesUniversity of Edinburgh Abstract. Graph databases, also called graph-oriented database, is a type of not only SQL (NoSQL) database based on graph theory that can store, map and query data relationships. Because this kind of database ensures its robust performance in processing graph-like data, it has been widely used in industry, for instance, Facebook and Twitter are using graph databases to store and analyze their user proles. This paper re- viewed motivations and development of graph databases. Then

Viktor Frankl’s Theory Approach from Graphology and the Enneagram Essay Sample free essay sample

I think everyone was surprised less Enneagram professionals who saw Ratzinger extremely developed Six personality. If we combine the constructs of the two subjects that better survey any personality construction – Graphology and Enneagram – we can easy analyse this honest. brave and consistent measure of 265 ? Pope of the Catholic Church. As we can see from the samples. his script is little. phlegmatic. with important simplifications that make it indecipherable sometimes. His script is pastelike. with a weak force per unit area. connected with arcades and missing in dynamism beat. At times it reminds me the script of Charles de Foucauld. the extraordinary Gallic mystic. Father Moretti would state that the script of His Holiness involves two tendencies: the careful observation and the contradiction. As a graphological regulation we know that the smaller the size. the more item you put in focal point and hence the greater the mental attempt needed to unite them into a gestalt. The inside informations are so of import to a 6 personality. as for any topic with this sort of script: Figure prevails over the background. which makes losing the overall position. Joseph Ratzinger – as a good 6 with flying 5 – is non a lover of a strong progress since an efficient monitoring and intellectualisation of his emotions are his enneatype amalgam. His little script – the willingness to accommodate. to subordinate their developed 6 – joins the large emerging. the opposition to any alteration possible: his superego. Very different from John Paul II ( enneatype 1. splanchnic ) . Ratzinger is rational. a thought adult male. an erudite who was taken from his favourite desk to a topographic point he neer wanted to be: the throne of Peter. This is called Coherence and Relationship in Morettiana School. Consistency and relationship of a enneatypes 6 incorporate leting the self-importance to move wittingly. His authorship is perpendicular. prioritising the cerebral over the emotional country. This confirms its enneatype ( or is it frailty versa? ) belonging to the intellectual three. rational. â€Å"centerverted† . Is he communicative†¦ ? Very small. The motion is slowed. Stopped. Weak. The narrowness between words. the arcades †¦ speak of this deficiency. The enneatypes 6 have a low profile. really merely that – nevertheless – do non lose their differentiation. Fear is an built-in portion of the construction around 6. Ratzinger is non immune to this irresistible impulse. Two universes – internal and external – live in him. But like any healthy person is brave in supporting their beliefs and ideas: this leads him to lose the fright and travel frontward. Something really hard in the manner of the six’s integrating. The Holy Father is moving from duty. A Six eneatype affirms: â€Å"Semper facere rectum† ( â€Å"Always do the right things† ) . BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente He is brooding. thanks to his five wing. and like the 6 of his native Germany. Ratzinger speaks through his organic structure: steady and direct regard. with little zigzags derived from his frights and with a distinguishable air of lasting concern. On February 28 at 20 autopsy. Rome clip. the See of Peter will be vacant. Benedict withdraws from public life to a shutting convent. The Pope is isolated †¦ but non far. but in his interior universe. familiar and known. which gives security and support. basic desires of all 6 eneatypes. Not to gamble. non to eventuality. He goes to Castelgandolfo and so to a sector of the Vatican: something normal in all 6w5. Ratzinger is perfectly positive that can non go on his ministry. And he besides knows that there is no solution for it. Merely 6 in full visible radiation. with a high degree of development can take a determination as brave and expose it to the universe with the repose and peace that gives his point of integrating that is 9. A six destabilized goes into terror. A 6 developed work accordingly with strong belief and repose. He overcame frights. He expanded his freedom. He learned that offending some regulation is good and healthy. This degree of development that shows the Holy Father reminds me the Frankl’s expression of freedom. Magdalena Bleyle holds that there are four grades of freedom: the physical ( deterministic. natural. the nature itself ) as the migration of the sups ; the psychological freedom. the free will ; the rational freedom. harmonizing to a moral and ethical rule and eventually. ontological freedom developed by Viktor Frankl. What is Ontological Freedom? It is the measure that makes a six enneatypes ( and by extension all people. independently of each eneatype ) to get the better of the physical. psychological. societal or rational conditionings. going this manner. in an â€Å"unconditioned person† ( Frankl ) . If Ratzinger had followed in his ministry and as a consequence of his physical. psychological. societal or rational conditionings. his pastoral administration had declined. cipher would knock. would object to his actions. Alternatively. everyone would warrant and even would understand since all this escapes the will of the individual ; it is a logical and perfectly normal. But His Holiness takes a measure frontward. Makes usage of that ontological freedom that Frankl speaks. He uses the ontological force of freedom. the force of spiritualty: overcomes his frights. â€Å"what people say† . societal and rational conditionings and he renounces. He becomes a free and responsible human being maestro of his ain fate: â€Å"For this ground. and good cognizant of the earnestness of this act. with full freedom I declare that I renounce the ministry of Bishop of Rome. Successor of Saint Peter. entrusted to me by the Cardinals on 19 April 2005† When a 6 accepts his ain fright. is bespeaking a high grade of wellness and development. His deep consciousness grows and evolves. No affair if you are 30 or 85 old ages. Frankl called this â€Å"Psychonoetic antagonism† . the resistance module of the spirit to get the better of the fortunes imposed by any type of conditioning. Joseph Ratzinger knew oasis to get the better of the projection which obscures the shrewdness of the six’s. BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente His perceptual experience is right and although projections are perceptual experiences. they more reflect the subjective head than world itself. The Holy Father provides for the jobs his deficiency of energy ( 8 ) could convey to the Church and the universe. because as all 6 specializes in observing what may travel incorrect. in seeing the glass half empty: â€Å"Dear Brothers. I have convoked you to this Consistory. non merely for the three canonizations. but besides to pass on to you a determination of great importance for the life of the Church† . His script shows his decreased verve which greatly limits his activity and emotional development: â€Å"†¦Both strength of head and organic structure are necessary. strength which in the last few months. has deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately carry through the ministry entrusted to me† For that ground. his stepping down – in an act of unusual bravery. of enormous bravery and bravery – has an infinite virtue.Happy the Pope that does non turn from his developed consciousness! Happy all of us that we can observe his illustration! Julio Cavalli[ electronic mail protected ]/*World Wide Web. juliocavalli. com. Ar Muestras de Escrituras BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente Escritura de 1977 BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente Escritura de 1977 BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente Poema de 1952 BENEDICTO SixteenA VIKTOR FRANKL’S THEORY APPROACH FROM GRAPHOLOGY AND THE ENNEAGRAM [ electronic mail protected ]/*http//www. juliocavalli. com. ArSe permite su uso citando La fuente

Wiglaf Essays - Wiglaf, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Poetry, Literature

Wiglaf Annonymous Poetry is something that used to give me nightmares. In high school, if I knew that a poetry assignment was going to be given, I would stay home sick. I've since learned that while work is involved, discovering the authors intended meaning is fun and actually gets easier the more I practice it. When given the task to interpret Spring and Fall by Gerard Manly Hopkins, I at first was worried about the length of the poem; however, after I began to read the poem, I was able to get a picture of what was being said. In this essay, I will analyze why Margaret is grieving. The poem leads into a young girl who is saddened by the winter's approach and the symbolic death of the forest. She doesn't know it consciously, but in her heart she knows that all things will end and the coming of winter foreshadows her own mortality. She is told that as she ages, it won't bother her even though she may see an infinity of leaves as said in line six It will come to such sights colder. But line ten is contradictory in saying And you will weep and know why. Which I must take to mean that as Margaret nears her end, she will be saddened by everything that has been, and ever will be lost to time. Eventually she is told that people are born to die, and as if she has eaten from the tree of knowledge, she is aware and saddened for her innocence lost. In Spring and Fall, Hopkins explains to a child that we all age and die. That Margaret, like all of us, must deal with this fact and not let the knowledge of it hold her back from life. This is a message that almost everyone needs to hear sometime in their lives. Steve Nix 2-9-98

Definition and Examples of Situational Irony

Definition and Examples of Situational Irony Situational irony is an event or  occasion in which the outcome is significantly different from what was expected or considered appropriate. Also called irony of fate,  irony of events, and irony of circumstance. Dr.  Katherine L. Turner characterizes situational irony as a long con- a ruse taking place over time. Participants and onlookers do not recognize the irony because its revelation comes at a later moment in time, the unexpected twist.  In situational irony, the anticipated outcome contrasts with the end result (This Is the Sound of Irony, 2015). The essence of situational irony,  says J. Morgan Kousser, lies in an apparent contradiction or incongruity between two events or meanings, a contradiction resolved when the literal or surface meaning turns out to be one of appearance only, while the initially incongruous meaning turns out to be the reality (Region, Race, and Reconstruction, 1982). Also Known As: Irony of situation, irony of events, irony of behavior, practical irony, irony of fate, unintended consequences, irony of existence Examples and Observations Situational irony, sometimes called irony of events, is most broadly defined as a situation where the outcome is incongruous with what was expected, but it is also more generally understood as a situation that includes contradictions or sharp contrasts...An example would be a man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool.(Lars Ellestrà ¶m, Divine Madness. Bucknell University. Press, 2002)Not all forms of irony are conscious, intentional or planned. For example, irony also occurs serendipitously through unintended and unexpected circumstances or through the evolution of situations. Situational irony focuses on the surprising and inevitable fragility of the human condition, in which the consequences of actions are often the opposite of what was expected.(David Grant, The Sage Handbook of Organizational Discourse. Sage, 2004)[I]magine that a person has invested  a large sum of money in an apparently reliable company while mocking others for failing to take the same  opportunity. Then, the company turns out to be a failure and all the investors money is lost. The situation is ironical for two reasons in combination: (1) there is a mismatch between the investors certainty on the solvency of the company and the real situation; (2) after getting ruined, the investors unwise mockery of those who did not want to undertake any risk makes the investor look foolish. We may observe that, in situational irony, just like in verbal irony, there is incongruity between intention and effect or between belief and reality.(Francisco Josà © Ruiz de Mendoza Ibà ±ez and Alicia Galera Masegosa,  Cognitive Modeling: A Linguistic Perspective. John Benjamins, 2014) Situational Irony in A.E. Housmans Poem Is My Team Ploughing? â€Å"Is my team ploughing,That I was used to driveAnd hear the harness jingleWhen I was man alive?† Aye, the horses trample,The harness jingles now;No change though you lie underThe land you used to plow. â€Å"Is football playingAlong the river shore,With lads to chase the leather,Now I stand up no more?† Aye, the ball is flying,The lads play heart and soul;The goal stands up, the keeperStands up to keep the goal. â€Å"Is my girl happy,That I thought hard to leave,And has she tired of weepingAs she lies down at eve?† Ay, she lies down lightly,She lies not down to weep:Your girl is well contented.Be still, my lad, and sleep. â€Å"Is my friend hearty,Now I am thin and pine,And has he found to sleep inA better bed than mine?† Yes, lad, I lie easy,I lie as lads would choose;I cheer a dead man’s sweetheart,Never ask me whose.(A.E. Housman, Is My Team Ploughing?  A Shropshire Lad, 1896) Situational Irony in Creative Nonfiction Situational irony  abounds in fiction, but its also a major component to many  non- fiction  narratives- if you think about the popular storm books from a couple of years ago, Sebastian Jungers Perfect Storm and Erik Larsons Isaacs Storm, both accounts of these terrible hurricanes deal with the all-too-human disinclination to take nature seriously. Hey, how bad can some wind and rain be? Not going to stop me from raking in the dough.(Ellen Moore and Kira Stevens, Good Books Lately. St. Martins Press, 2004) The Irony of War Every war is ironic because every war is worse than expected. Every war constitutes an irony of situation because its means are so melodramatically disproportionate to its presumed ends.(Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford University Press, 1975) Incongruity in Situational Irony Situational irony entails a certain incongruity between what a person says, believes, or does and how, unbeknownst to that person, things actually are. [In Sophocles tragedy Oedipus Rex]  Oedipus vows to discover Laius murderer, unaware that Laius was his father and that he himself is guilty of patricide. Whatever the precise nature of the incongruity involved in situational irony, verbal and situational irony loosely share a conceptual core of incongruity, often tending toward polar opposition, between two elements, such as a semblance of things and reality.Dramatic irony may be further distinguished as a type of situational irony; it is simply when situational irony occurs in a drama. The incongruity is between what a dramatic character says, believes, or does and how unbeknownst to that character, the dramatic reality is. The example in the preceding paragraph is, then, specifically of dramatic irony.(David Wolfsdorf, Trials of Reason: Plato and the Crafting of Philosophy. Oxfor d University  Press, 2008) A Wimbledon commentator may say, Ironically, it was the year he was given a wild-card entry, and not as a seeded player, that the Croatian won the title. The irony here refers, like linguistic irony, to a doubleness of sense or meaning. It is as though there is the course of events or human intentions, involving our awarding of rankings and expectations, that exists alongside another order of fate beyond our predictions. This is an irony of situation, or an irony of existence.(Claire Colebrook, Irony. Routledge, 2004) The Lighter Side of Situational Irony Sheldon: So this is how it ends: with cruel irony. Just as I make the commitment to preserving my body, I am betrayed by my appendix, a vestigial organ. Do you know the original purpose of the appendix, Leonard? Leonard: No. Sheldon: I do, and yet I am doomed while you live on. Leonard: Funny how things work out, isnt it?(Jim Parsons and Johnny Galecki in The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification. The Big Bang Theory, 2010)

Legal Issue Paper HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Issue Paper HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAQ - Essay Example Iraq has seen different periods of government rule and the human rights in Iraq have been different in the different periods of rule. The human rights in Iraq can be divided into three distinct periods, the pre-Saddam period, the period of Saddam Hussein, and the post war period. The military in Iraq plays a very important role in maintaining an atmosphere of pressure and fear on which the government of Iraq rests. The Iraqi military forces have a lot of power and the government usually does not make an attempt to investigate any human rights abuse cases. The Iraqi government's human rights record is very poor. Human rights like the right to freedom of speech, the right to freedom of press, and the like were restricted by the government. Human rights in the pre-Saddam period were very poor. The abuses of human rights on the citizens were prevalent from this period itself. The Hashemite monarchy is considered the most imperfect rule in terms of human rights. The influence of prime ministers and leaders of the military was huge and the civil and human rights of people varied from place to place. During this period Jews had face a lot of discrimination. They were deprived of property and Iraqi nationality. In 1949 Iraq's Prime Minister also suggested that Iraq may expel its Jewish population .1 Following this, from 1950 to 1951 more than 120,000 Jews left Iraq for Israel in a mass emigration. This mass emigration was one of the largest airlift operations in history .2 Human rights in the pre-Saddam period faced a lot of ups and downs as Iraq saw many different leaders and governments. Human rights were often violated due to the differences between various rulers and members of different ethnic communities. Many rulers and regimes discriminated certain groups and communities, which resulted in the violation of human rights to these affected communities. Saddam Hussein was one of the most famous Iraqi leaders. Human right during his rule faced a lot of torture and mass murder. During Saddam's rule the military and paramilitary forces had a lot of power, which they used to violate many human rights. The methods used to maintain control during his rule were secret police, forced disappearances, targeted assassinations, murders, and torture. Regular reports of widespread torture and murder were reported by the Amnesty International and Human Right Watch. Many human rights organizations have documented many cases of torture, murder, approved execution, and rape during Saddam's rule between 1979 and 2003. Human rights in Saddam's rule were affected in many ways. People were executed for reasons such as supporting the opposition, or not being in favour of the President. Women were executed saying they practised prostitution and some men were executed for supporting them. Mass execution used to take place in prisons as part of a prison clean out activity. Political killing were another way of murdering people. Widespread disappearances continued to take place with hundreds of people missing. "The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iraq has reported that such records have been found with regard to a considerable number of persons followed, wanted or detained in northern Iraq, many of whom subsequently disappeared" (Lawson, Bertucci and Wiseberg 522). Though the Iraqi constitution prohibited torture and arbitrary arrest and detention, the military and security forces regularly

Collage of pharmacy admission essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collage of pharmacy admission - Essay Example Pharmacology is one subject where I will not only be able to continue my interest in the subject of chemistry, but also at the end of my studies, have a promising career. This course in pharmacy will enable me to fly high and make my dreams come true. The reason I have chosen a degree in this subject is because of the wide range of opportunities that it provides. My focus in not just to complete the course in pharmacy, but also to go for higher studies in this field. Today, pharmacists’ skills are in high demand all over the world. Pharmacists are considered as expert health professionals and many doors of opportunity open to a career that offers security, flexibility, satisfaction and excellent rewards. In fact, it can be said that without a pharmacy sector, the health care is incomplete. It is a well known fact that pharmacists work in all kinds of places and work very closely with the hospitals, doctors and other health care professionals. Having a strong foundation in chemistry, my immediate goal is to get an admission in the pharmacy school and long term professional goal is to pursue my research interest by getting a doctor of pharmacy degree. I am sure to complete my degree in flying colors and by the time I finish my doctorate in pharmacy, I am sure to have a variety of opportunities which will help me achieve financial security. As of now, I will be able to devote all of my attention to the sole subject of my interest: chemistry and pharmacology. I have a positive mental attitude and I am confident that I will be able to complete with high scores in pharmacy. My positive motivation, sincerity, insightful, will all add to my success. I knew early on in my studies that this was a subject that I could excel in due to my natural inclination towards the sciences. I believe that my educational background and abilities would be an excellent base for my future studies. I am aware that this university is looking for students who have good

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Reflection Essay Owners and managers in the business need to make working capital management decisions such as inventory management, cash-flow management, accounts receivables, and supplier or vendor trade credits to ensure the company has sufficient cash-flows to pay short-term obligations. There are a few different working capital strategies a business can employ. Flexible current asset management involves holding large cash balances and inventory. The restrictive current asset management strategy requires companies to keep current assets low. Finagle a Bagel is a young, growing business that applies the working capital trade-off strategy to manage their working capital (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). Married entrepreneurs purchased the business when it was a few years old and had four to five stores (University of Phoenix, 2014). The owners encountered many of the same issues commonly associated with running a young business. They had to learn to deal with customers, vendors, and suppliers; however, the larger issue was discovering how to manage their working capital. Maintaining and continually producing working capital is imperative for any business. Effective working capital management ensures the company has enough money to pay the bills. Managing their current assets, inventory, and liabilities are all part of working capital management (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). Finagle a Bagel owners focused on mapping out their future and ensuring the business would grow enough to produce a successful cash flow. A successful cash flow, and keen understanding of their banking relationship, will allow the companies to more comfort when taking on debt or liabilities. The strategies Finagle a Bagel use for managing working capital are no different from the plan many companies utilize. The owners established a good rapport with their bank, vendors, and suppliers (University of Phoenix, 2014) which enables them to create the opportunity for positive interest rates and  trade-offs. The good interest rates assist in the short-term and long-term when they need to acquire a line of credit to pay suppliers or to expand the business. The working capital trade-off strategy requires the manager to balance shortage costs against carrying costs (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). The business must be flexible. To allow for more time to pay another business back, trade credit is a strategy businesses extend to one another. Businesses work out a type of credit line to provide the other business with a suitable amount of time to pay their bill (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). Credit lines are ideal and prevent banks from getting involved. Finagle a Bagel uses the strategy of trade credit regularly. Improper working capital management may jeopardize a company to default or bankruptcy. Upon reviewing the working capital management video, it is inevitable that the owners and managers in a business should monitor cash inflows and outflows periodically by computing financial ratios such as efficiency ratios – inventory turnover, and account receivable turnover and working capital ratio to ensure that the company has adequate cash-flows all the time. References Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. S, Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (2nd ed). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week 3 Electronic Reserve Videos. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, FIN/571 – Foundations of Finance course website.

Women in a Global Economy :: Globalization Economics Essays

Women in a Global Economy The Globalization of the market and corporations have created problems for women everywhere. Because of the search for a higher profit, corporations in the United States move their factories to â€Å"developing† countries. There, they can force the workers to work longer than an eight hour day, and the wages they pay to their employees are considerably less than the minimum wage in the U.S.. When the women in these factories make an effort to fight back by protesting or striking for better pay, or better working conditions, the corporations simply move out. There are many other nations who can work just as hard without all the complaints. So, because these women ask to be treated decently, they are denied a job. This practice has also created problems for women factory workers in the U.S. because the factories here are all being shut down. I knew one woman who lost her job at Motorola because they moved their testing ground to Mexico. The variety of middle class jobs has decre ased in the U.S., creating poorer poor and wealthier rich, who get their money directly or indirectly through the exploitations of poorer countries. The most interesting and best summarizing paragraph of the reading was about The Myth of Progress. (pg. 267) It states that progress is equated with economic growth and ignores â€Å"intellectual, social, moral and spiritual dimensions†, and that this definition persuades people to value themselves according to the materials they are able to obtain. This can create a world of problems. By stressing money and material it is easy for some to forget how it is obtained, both in a methodical, and a humanistic sense. By this I am referring specifically to the people of the three classes in the U.S.. Poor people instead of concentrating on education or buying assets or spiritually connecting and becoming a leader, tend to trade their labor for some money, then use all of it to buy â€Å"stuff†. They’ll buy clothes, or DVDs, or trinkets, and they feel good about these purchases because they got a good deal, and it increases their material value. None of them will think about where or how it was assembled, because they are distanced from it, and are content with their new acquisition. The middle class trade stressful working days for a little more money, with which they use to buy liabilities like cars or boats, again not thinking about the how they came to be.

Synthesis of Certain Derivatives of Schiffbases

Microbiological Studies A definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis can only be made my culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms from a specimen taken from the patient (Most often sputum, but may also include pus, cerebero spinal fluid (CSF)), biopsied tissue, etc. Sputum smears and cultures should be done for acid-fast bacilli. The preferred method for the identification is fluorescence microscopy which is more sensitive than conventional Ziehl- Neelson staining denoted by Steingart et al. , 2006 6. If sputum is not produced, specimens can be obtained by gastric washings, an laryngeal swab, bronchoscopy with broncho alveolar lavage or fine needle aspiration of a collection. A comparative study found that inducing three sputum samples is more sensitive than three gastric washings. Many types of culture media are available. Traditionally Lowenstein –Jensen (LJ), Kirchner or Middle Brook media (7H9, 7H10, 7H11 and 7H12) are used for cultivating of Mycobacterial species. A culture of the acid-fast bacilli distinguishes the various forms of Mycobacteria. New automated systems that are faster include BACTEC 460 TB, BACTEC 9000 and the Mycobacterial growth Indicator tube (MGIT). The microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (MODS) culture may be faster and more accurate method. Drugs Used In Tuberculosis in the current scenario Active tuberculosis will kill about two of every three people affected if left untreated. Treated tuberculosis if taken up early has a mortality rate of less than 5%. The standard short course treatment for tuberculosis comprises of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol for two months, then Isoniazid and Rifampicin alone for a further four months. For latent tuberculosis, the standard treatment is six to nine months of Isoniazid alone. Drug regimens are abbreviated in a standardized manner. a). Streptomycin is STM or S b) Isoniazid is INH or H c) Rifampicin is RMP or R d) Ethambutol is EMB or E e) Pyrazinamide is PZA or Z. a)According to WHO norms, there are six classes of second line drugs that are used for the treatment of tuberculosis. A drug may be classified as second line instead of first line for one of two possible reasons; it may be less effective than the first line drugs or it may produce toxic side –effects. They are classified based on their chemical nucleus: Aminoglycosides – Amikacin and Kanamycin b)Polypeptides – Capreomycin c)Fluoroquinolones – Ciprofloxacin d)Thioamides – Ethionamide, Prothionamide and Cycloserine. e)Para-amino Salicylic acid. Tuberculosis has been treated by combination therapy over fifty years. Single drug treatment is ineffective and regimens that use only single drugs result in the rapid development of resistance and thus treatment results in failure. The rationale for using multiple drugs to treat tuberculosis is based on simple probability. The frequency of spontaneous mutations that confer resistance to an individual drug is well known: 1 in 10 7 for Ethambutol (EMB); 1 in 108 for streptomycin (STM) and Isoniazid (INH); 1 in 10 10 for Rifampicin (RMP). A patient with extensive pulmonary tuberculosis has approximately 10 12 bacteria in his body and therefore will probably be harbouring approximately 10 5 Ethambutol resistant bacteria, 10 4 Streptomycin resistant bacteria, 104 Isoniazid resistant bacteria and 102 Rifampicin resistant bacteria respectively. DOTS stands for ‘Directly Observed Therapy, Short – course’ and is a major plank in the WHO global tuberculosis eradication programme. The WHO advises that all tuberculosis patients should have atleast the first two months of their drug therapy should be observed with the aid of observer within that society. DOTS is used with intermittent dosing – Thrice weekly (Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide) or twice weekly. The relative incidence of major adverse effects has been carefully described . a)Isoniazid – Hepatitis, Neuropathy – 0. 49%. )Rifampicin – Skin rash, Thrombocytopenia and Hepatitis – 0. 43 % c)Pyrazinamide – Skin rash and Hepatitis – 1. 48 % d)Streptomycin – Vertigo – 0. 43 % Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR and XDR – TB) Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis that is resistant at least to Isoniazid and Rifampicin isolates. In the year 200 6 â€Å"Extensively- Drug Resistant Tuberculosis† (XDR-TB) has emerged and defined as multi drug resistant tuberculosis that is resistant to quinolones and also to any one of kanamycin, capreomycin or amikacin. A 1997 survey of 35 countries found that 2% of the tuberculosis populations are infected by drug – resistant tuberculosis. The highest rates were in USSR, The Baltic states, Argentina, India and China. In 2006, MDR –TB in New York city has been increased to 20-30%. Annual risk of mortality rates increases by 10-15%. There is currently an epidemic of XDR-TB in South Africa. The outbreak was first reported as a cluster of 53 patients in a rural hospital in Kwazulu –Natal of whom 52 died . The treatment and prognosis of MDR-TB are much more akin to that of cancer than to that for infection. In these aspects, molecular manipulation is a productive source of new drugs. This research work pertains to the modification of Schiff bases on isoniazid to explore the new drugs with a desire to obtain highly potent, more specific and less toxic drugs. In the foregoing literature retrieval, it had been observed that the drug design can be performed by molecular manipulation and resulting in new productive drugs. The biological study of natural products with medicinally useful property and some of the chemical structure and its analogs had furnished to lead compounds, and its variation in the biological behavior. The pre-existing tuberculosis had made a challenging effect of medicinal chemists resulting in the extreme drug resistance. The performance of molecular manipulation still existed in a major line approach for the discovery of new drug analogues. To synthesize a derivative, an intermediate step has to be performed and to proceed for the further molecular manipulation. Combination of two or more active moieties in to one is a common procedure of manipulation and this can be possibly result in augmenting the activity, removal of untoward side effects and particularly to prevent development of resistance by the infectious microorganisms. Abundant literature support were available with regard to the study of Schiff bases as potent antibacterial, antifungal, antihypertensive, antiviral and anticancer perspectives. Schiff bases were the intermediate for the synthesis of azetidine -2 & 4- ones, thiazolidine -2 & 4- ones, triazoles & tetrazoles. It was interesting to observe that some analogues of Schiff bases were combined with other moieties like phenothiazines,hydrazines and some hydrazide derivatives of carboxylic acid resulting in a better performance in their respective biological activities. Hence, it was our interest to associate the Schiff bases with the primary drug isoniazid. Since Isoniazid is a well known antitubercular drug. As a vast number of reports were been available regarding the antitubercular perspectives of the isoniazid, there is still lacuna existing in the study of Schiff bases in the multi drug and extremely drug resistant M. tb strains. This study will full fill the properties of Schiff bases relevant to the prevailing drug resistant tuberculosis. Biological activities of Schiff bases Schiff bases are of interest and its important moiety which is associated with biological activity. Initially, most of the research program has been conducted to explore the antimicrobial perspectives of Schiff base derivatives. Based on the intermediate Schiff base various molecular manipulation were attempted to investigate and discover an effective antibacterials, antifungals & antiviral agents. In this preview of literature the various activities of Schiff bases pertaining to antibacterial perspectives has been studied. 1. Hearn et. al. , 2003 7 performed enzymatic acylation of the antitubercular isoniazid (INH) by N-acetyl transferases reduces therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Since it dealt with the major metabolic pathway for INH in human beings, many of these derivatives were prepared and screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the mice. They conclude the structural cogners of metabolites of INH may serve as significant leads in antitubercular drug discovery and in the exploration of the mode of action of INH. 2. Tarek Aboul – fadi et. al. , 2003 8 had synthesized N- alkyl derivative of INH and the Pharmacokinetic studies were been carried out in the bovine and sensitive strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the rate and extent absorption of the tested derivatives. They show relative bioavailability of 183. 15 and 443. 25 respectively. 3. Sultana et. al. , 2007 9 studied the synthesis of hydrazones. The study afforded to the hitherto unreported 1-(4-chloro benzylidene) – hydrazinophthalazine, 1- nitrobenzylidene hydrazine phthalazine. , 3-(4-Chlorophenyl) –S-Triazolo (3,4-a) phthalazine. These structures were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques – IR, UV, H-NMR, EIMS, FD & HRMS. Anti hypertensive activity were been evaluated. 4. Koussi and Abdel rahman. , 2006 10 illustrated certain novel Schiff bases of 4- methyl-1,2,4 –triazole -3-mercaptoacetic acid hydrazide were synthesized and their chemical identities were elucidated by elemental analyses. IR, H-NMR,13- C-NMR and mass spectral data. The percentage of the geometrical isomers was elucidated using the 1-H NMR. The synthesized compounds were selected for screening at the tuberculosis antimicrobial acquisition and co-ordination facility against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV strain in which they showed moderate activity at a concentration of 625 mg/mL. . Jiang et. al. , 2003 11 studied the series of chemically modified aryl- aldehyde Schiff bases has been synthesized and tested for their antioxidant activity and radiation protection. It was observed that disulfide –containing aryl –aldehyde schiff base exhibited potent free radical scavenging, antioxidation and radioprotective activities. 6. Pandeya et. al. ,1999 12 synthesized antib acterial, antifungal and anti human immunodeficiency virus activities of Schiff and Mannich bases derived from isatin derivatives and N – (4-(4’ chlorophenyl) thiazolyl thiosemi carbazide. Investigation of antimicrobial activity of compounds was done by agar dilution method. 7. Jayasekar et. al. , 1997 13 synthesized the Schiff bases of mesalazine and studied the anti inflammatory activity. The inhibition shows about 50-60% of the potency of the drug. In the present study, we had investigated certain Schiff base derivatives modified from isoniazid and it has screened for Extreme drug-resistant and Multidrug resistant tuberculosis strain procured from the patients suffering from tuberculosis. Bibilography: 1. Rothschild, B. , Martin, L. , Bercovier, L. G. , Gal, B. G. , Blatt, G. C. , Donoghue, H. , Spigelman, M and Brittain, D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from an extinct bison dated 17,000 years before the present. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30(3) : 305-311 ( 2001). 2. Pearce-Duvet, J. The origin of human pathogens evaluating the role of agriculture and domestic animals in the evolution of human disease. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 31(3) : 369-382 (2006). 3. Koch, R. Die Aetiolgieder Tuberculosis. Berliner Klinsche Wochenschrift. 19 : 221-230 (1882). 4. Wells, A. Q. The Murine type of tubercle bacillus : Medical Research Council Special Report No. 259. HMSO, London (1946). 5. Mark Spigelman, 2008. Excavated Jericho Bones may help Israeli- Plaestinian – German team to combat tuberculosis. News release, Feb 29, (2008): 1-5. 6. Steingart,K. , Henry,M. , Pasval,G. , Avery,T. O and Lyall, W. H. Fluorescence versus conventional sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis : a systematic review. Lancet. Infect. Dis. 6 : 570-571 (2006). 7. Michael J Hearn, Michael H Cynamon. Design and synthesis of antituberculars: preparation and evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of an isoniazid Schiff base. Journal of Anti Microb. Chemotherapy. 53(2):185-191 (2004). . Tarek Aboul-Fadl, Faragany Abdel-Hamid Mohammed, Ehsan Abdel-Saboor Hassan. Synthesis, antitubercular activity and pharmacokinetic studies of some Schiff bases derived from 1-alkylisatin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH). ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH , 26(10):778-784 ( 2003 ). 9. Sultana-N; Sarfaraz-TB; Nelofar-A; Hussain-SA. Potential antibacterial agents: Part VI â₠¬â€œ Synthesis and structure elucidation of schiff bases derived from hydralazine. Pak-J-Sci-Ind-Resch (Pakistan-Journal-of-Scientific-and-Industrial-Research); 50(3); 169-172 (2007). 10. El-Koussi-NA; Abdel-Rahman-HM . Novel 1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid derivatives as potential antimycobacterial and antimicrobial agents. 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Essay on Mark Biology and Population Growth Rate - 890 Words

BIOL 1209 Writing Assignment 2 Cover Sheet I certify that the writing in this assignment is my individual work and is my sole intellectual property. It does not contain the ideas, or writing of other individuals/authors. Author: Mark Cooper Jr. Date: 10/24/12 Lab Instructor: Katherine Hovanes Lab Section # 12 Population Ecology Experiment Background: Phosphate is an abiotic factor; therefore, it is a nonliving factor that affects living organism. In this experiment we prose to test the whether variation in environmental phosphate levels affects autotrophic organisms. We ran a lake and Chlamydomonas experiment in order to determine a solution for this question. In our lake experiment we took samples of water†¦show more content†¦Lake Experiment (Ecosystem): Phosphorus Factor Null: Phosphate levels will not influence the abundance of aquatic autotrophic organisms in the lakes. Alternative: Phosphate levels will influence the abundance of aquatic autotrophic organisms in the lakes. Prediction: High levels of phosphate will cause an increase in the abundance of aquatic autotrophic organisms in the lakes. Results: Figure.1: The graphed data represents the growth rate of algae cells (population sizes million cells/mL) in each treatment over 21 day time period. We graphed the population sizes of the control, no-phosphorus, and high-phosphorus treatment. The control group contained 1 ml of Chlamydomonas and 4 ml of phosphate. The no-phosphorus group contained 0.5 ml of Chlamydomonas and 4.5 ml of phosphate . The high-phosphorus treatment contained 3 ml of Chlamydomonas and 2 ml of phosphate. Trend: there is no specific trend represented in the graph. However, No-Phosphorus contained the highest population growth rate with a slope of .19953. The Control and High-Phosphorus treatments had a similar growth rates. However, the Control treatment was higher than the High-Phosphorus treatment. 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